Ukrainian Association of Pediatric Immunology
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Immunodeficiency Disorders
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All immunodeficiencies
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transplanted patients with immunodeficiencies
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How to Identify Immunodeficiencies
Primary immunodeficiencies are a diverse group of severe genetic disorders resulting from defects in one or more immune defense mechanisms. These genetic abnormalities increase susceptibility to a wide range of infections affecting the skin, ears, lungs, intestines, and other organs.
To aid in early diagnosis, the European Society of Immunology and medical experts from the Jeffrey Modell Foundation have developed guidelines highlighting key clinical signs of primary immunodeficiency. These recommendations help healthcare providers recognize potential cases and promptly refer patients to a clinical immunologist-allergist. Early detection is crucial for timely treatment, improving patient outcomes, and safeguarding lives.
Ten Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiencies in Children
- ≥ 4 new ear infections within one year
- ≥ 2 serious sinus infections within one year
- ≥ 2 months of antibiotic therapy with minimal effect
- ≥ 2 pneumonias within one year
- Failure to thrive (poor growth and weight gain in infancy)
- Recurrent abscesses in internal organs or on the skin
- Persistent oral thrush or fungal infections of the skin
- Need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infections
- ≥ 2 invasive infections, including sepsis
- Family history of primary immunodeficiency
- If a child exhibits two or more of these warning signs, a consultation with a pediatric immunologist is recommended.
If an Adult Has Two or More of These 10 Warning Signs
Jeffrey Modell Foundation: 10 Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency in Adults
- ≥ 4 new ear infections within one year
- ≥ 2 serious sinus infections within one year
- ≥ 2 months of antibiotic therapy with minimal effect
- ≥ 2 pneumonias within one year
- Failure to thrive (poor growth and weight gain in infancy)
- Recurrent abscesses in internal organs or on the skin
- Persistent oral thrush or fungal infections of the skin
- Need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infections
- ≥ 2 invasive infections, including sepsis
- Family history of primary immunodeficiency
If an Adult Has Two or More of These 10 Warning Signs
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